| 英國建築大師理查‧羅傑斯 世界巡迴建築特展在台北 | |
| 日期：2010 年3月6日至5月2日 理查．羅傑斯(Richard Rogers)是聞名世界並獲獎無數的英國當代建築大師， | |
Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside, CH, Kt, FRIBA, FCSD, (born 23 July 1933) is a British architect noted for his modernist and functionalist designs. He was born in Florence in 1933 and attended the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, before graduating with a master's degree from Yale School of Architecture in 1962.[1]
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Early career
While studying at Yale, Rogers met fellow student Norman Foster. On returning to England he and Foster set up architectural practice as Team 4 with their respective wives, Su Brumwell and Wendy Cheeseman. They quickly earned a reputation for what was later termed by the media high-tech architecture.[2]
By 1967 the Foster/Rogers partnership had split up, but Rogers continued to collaborate with Su. In early 1968 he was commissioned to design a house and studio for Humphrey Spender near Maldon, Essex, a glass cube framed with I-beams. He continued to develop his ideas of prefabrication and structural simplicity to design a Wimbledon house for his parents. This was based on ideas from his conceptual 'Zip Up' house[3], such as the use of standardised components based on refrigerator panels to make energy-efficient buildings.
Rogers subsequently joined forces with Italian architect Renzo Piano, a partnership that was to prove fruitful. His career leapt forward when he and Piano won the design competition for the Pompidou Centre in July 1971, alongside a team from Ove Arup that included Irish engineer Peter Rice.
This building established Rogers's trademark of exposing most of the building's services (water, heating and ventilation ducts, and stairs) on the exterior, leaving the internal spaces uncluttered and open for visitors to the centre's art exhibitions. This style, dubbed "Bowellism" by some critics, was not universally popular at the time the centre opened in 1977, but today the Pompidou Centre is a widely admired Parisian landmark. Rogers revisited this inside-out style with his design for London's Lloyd's Building, completed in 1984 - another controversial design which has since become a famous and distinctive landmark in its own right.
Later career
After working with Piano, Rogers established the Richard Rogers Partnership in 1977. This became Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners in 2007. The firm maintains offices in London, Barcelona, Madrid, and Tokyo.
Rogers has devoted much of his later career to wider issues surrounding architecture, urbanism, sustainability and the ways in which cities are used. One early illustration of his thinking was an exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1986, entitled "London As It Could Be", which also featured the work of James Stirling and Rogers' former partner Norman Foster. This exhibition made public a series of proposals for transforming a large area of central London, subsequently dismissed as impractical by the city's authorities.
In 1995 he became the first architect to deliver the annual Reith Lectures, later adapted into the book Cities for a Small Planet (Faber and Faber: London 1997, ISBN 0571179932). In 1998 he set up the Urban Task Force at the invitation of the British government, to help identify causes of urban decline and establish a vision of safety, vitality and beauty for Britain's cities. This work resulted in a white paper, Towards an Urban Renaissance, outlining more than 100 recommendations for future city designers. Rogers also served for several years as chair of the Greater London Authority panel for Architecture and Urbanism. He resigned from this post in 2009.[4] He has been Chair of the Board of Trustees of The Architecture Foundation. From 2001 to 2008 he was chief advisor on architecture and urbanism to London mayor Ken Livingstone; he was subsequently asked to continue his role as an advisor by new mayor Boris Johnson in 2008. He stood down from the post in October 2009. Rogers has also served as an advisor to the mayor of Barcelona on urban strategies.
Amidst this extra-curricular activity, Rogers has continued to create controversial and iconic works. The most famous of these, the Millennium Dome, was designed by the Rogers practice in conjunction with engineering firm Buro Happold and completed in 1999. It was the subject of fierce political and public debate over the cost and contents of the exhibition it contained, although the building itself cost only £43 million.[5]
In May 2006 Rogers' practice was chosen as the architect of Tower 3 of the new World Trade Center in New York City, replacing the old World Trade Center, which was destroyed in the September 11 attacks. His old classmate, contemporary and former practice partner Norman Foster is also designing a new WTC tower.
Some of Rogers' recent plans have failed to get off the ground. The practice was appointed to design the replacement to the Central Library in the Eastside of Birmingham; however, his plan was shelved for financial reasons. City Park Gate, the area adjacent to the land the library would have stood on, is now being designed by Ken Shuttleworth's MAKE Architects.
Selected projects
Team 4
- Creek Vean, Cornwall, UK (1966)
- Reliance Controls factory, Swindon, UK (1967)
Richard and Su Rogers
- 22 Parkside (Dr Nino and Dada Rogers' house), Wimbledon, UK (1967)[6]
- Zip Up house (1968)
- Humphrey Spender house, Maldon, Essex, UK (1967-1968)
Piano + Rogers
- Universal Oil Products, Tadworth, UK (1969-1974)
- B&B Italia headquarters, Como, Italy (1972-1973)[7]
- Centre Pompidou, Paris, France (1971–77)
- IRCAM, Paris, France (1971-1977)
- Patscentre Research Laboratory, Melbourn, UK (1976-1983)
The Richard Rogers Partnership
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Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners
- Heathrow Terminal 5, London, UK (1989-2008) Image Gallery of Heathrow Terminal 5
- Maggie's Centre, London, UK (2001-2008)
- Bodegas Protos, Peñafiel, Valladolid, Spain (2008)
- R9 Station, Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit system, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (2003-2007)
- 300 New Jersey Avenue, Washington DC, USA (2004-2009)
- Ching Fu Group Headquarters, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (2005-2007)
- Campus Palmas Atlas (CPA), Seville, Spain (2005-2009)
- 175 Greenwich Street, New York (2006-)
- Capodichino Underground Station, Naples, Italy (2006-)
- Santa Maria del Pianto Underground Station, Naples, Italy (2006-)
- British Museum, Northwest Development, London, UK (2007-)
- 360-London (2007-)
- Greater Paris / Grand Paris, France (2008-)
- Oxley Woods, Milton Keynes; UK Government sponsored 'Design for Manufacture (DfM)' competition (completion expected 2010)
- Las Arenas, Barcelona, remodeling of the bullring into a shopping mall (completion expected 2012)
- One Hyde Park, London (completion expected in 2010)
- Leadenhall Building (completion expected in 2012)
Honours and awards
Rogers was knighted in 1991 by Queen Elizabeth II. He was created Baron Rogers of Riverside in 1996. He sits as a Labour Peer in the House of Lords [9]. Rogers was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in the 2008 Birthday Honours list.
Rogers was awarded the RIBA Royal Gold Medal in 1985 and made a Chevalier, L’Ordre National de la Legion d’Honneur in 1986. He received a Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement at the 10th Mostra di Architettura di Venezia.[10] In 2006, the Richard Rogers Partnership was awarded the Stirling Prize for Terminal 4 of Barajas Airport[11], and again in 2009 for Maggie's Centre in London[12]. In 2007 Rogers was made Laureate of the Pritzker Architecture Prize - architecture's highest honour.[13] He was awarded the Minerva Medal by the Chartered Society of Designers in the same year.
Rogers has been awarded honorary degrees from several universities, including Alfonso X El Sabio University in Madrid, Oxford Brookes University, the University of Kent, the Czech Technical University in Prague and the Open University.
Palestine controversy
In February 2006, Lord Rogers hosted the inaugural meeting of the campaigning organisation Architects and Planners for Justice in Palestine (APJP) in his London offices. At that time his practice had secured a number of projects in New York, including the redevelopment of the Silvercup Studios site, a masterplan for the East River Waterfront and a commission for a $1.7 billion expansion of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Centre in Manhattan. Rogers publicly dissociated himself from the group within weeks, however, following the widely expressed public sentiment from generally pro-Israeli New York voters and politicians, which threatened him with the loss of prestigious commissions including projects in New York and abroad.[14] He announced his withdrawal with the statement "I unequivocally renounce Architects and Planners for Justice in Palestine and have withdrawn my relationship with them."[15].
Rogers at first said he was dissociating himself from APJP because of its published aims and "in view of the suggested boycott (of Israeli companies) by some members," although APJP denied it was promoting such a boycott. Rogers subsequently hardened his line, coming out with statements defending Israel's right to build its separation wall. He described the Israel-Palestine conflict as being between a "terrorist" state and a "democratic" one and said that he was "all for the democratic state".
Family
Rogers is married to Ruth Rogers, chef and co-owner of The River Café restaurant in west London. They have two sons together, Roo and Bo. He also has three sons, Ben, Zad and Ab, from his first marriage to Su Brumwell. He has ten grandchildren.
References
- ^ "Richard Rogers". Press Release CV. Richard Rogers Partnerships. http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/render.aspx?siteID=1&navIDs=1,5,18,107. Retrieved 2006-07-31.
- ^ "High-tech architecture". Quazen website. http://quazen.com/arts/architecture/high-tech-architecture/. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- ^ "Richard Rogers: Beginnings". Pompidou Centre. http://www.centrepompidou.fr/education/ressources/ENS-Rogers-EN/ENS-Rogers-EN.html#beginnings. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
- ^ "Richard Rogers steps down as advisor to mayor". Mayor of London's office. http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=23738. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
- ^ "Millennium Dome". RHSP. http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/render.aspx?siteID=1&navIDs=1,4,25,661. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- ^ "Dr Rogers House". Richard Rogers Partnership. http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/render.aspx?siteID=1&navIDs=1,4,25,459. Retrieved 2006-10-27.
- ^ "B&B Italia.". http://www.linkedin.com/companies/b&b-italia. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
- ^ "INMOS Factory - Richard Rogers". http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/INMOS_Factory.html. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
- ^ UK Parliament. http://www.parliament.uk/directories/house_of_lords_information_office/labour_members.cfm
- ^ Biennale Architecture: 10th International Architecture Exhibition (2006), Official Awards
- ^ "RIBA Stirling Prize 2006". RIBA. http://www.architecture.com/go/Architecture/Also/Awards_2006.html. Retrieved 2006-10-27.
- ^ "RIBA Stirling Prize 2009". RIBA. http://www.architecture.com/Awards/RIBAStirlingPrize/RIBAStirlingPrize.aspx. Retrieved 2009-11-26.
- ^ Robin Pogrebin. "British Architect Wins 2007 Pritzker Prize". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/28/arts/design/28cnd-pritzker.html?hp. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
- ^ Boiling point | Newsblog | guardian.co.uk
- ^ Israel-Palestine conflict engulfs Rogers's $1.7bn New York project | World news | The Guardian
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Richard Rogers |
- Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners website
- Richard Rogers at the archINFORM database
- Large list of major Richard Rogers skyscrapers with data and images
- Pritzker Prize 2007
- Interview with Richard Rogers(video)
- Images of Tower 3(images)
- Richard Rogers presents the 2007 Annual Discourse at the Royal Institute of British Architects(video)
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