An Essay on Criticism /decorum
---溝通
complicity
(kəm-plĭs'ĭ-tē)
n., pl., -ties.
Involvement as an accomplice in a questionable act or a crime. 文化上的可共鳴或溝通也可稱之 譬如說 Saul Steinberg 說他的圖訴之有共同文化經驗的讀者
complicity in murder
殺人の共犯.
Saul Steinberg (June 15, 1914 – May 12, 1999) was a Jewish Romanian-born American cartoonist and illustrator, best known for his work for The New Yorker, most notably View of the World from 9th Avenue.
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Biography
Steinberg was born in Râmnicu Sărat, Romania. He studied philosophy for a year at the University of Bucharest, then later enrolled at the Politecnico di Milano, studying architecture and graduating in 1940. During his years in Milan he was actively involved in the satirical magazine Bertoldo.Steinberg left Italy after the introduction of anti-Semitic laws by the Fascist government.[1] He spent a year in the Dominican Republic awaiting a U.S. visa; in the meantime, he submitted his cartoons to foreign publications. In 1942, The New Yorker magazine sponsored his entry into the United States, and thus began Steinberg's lifelong relationship with the publication. Through well over half a century working with The New Yorker, Steinberg created nearly 90 covers and more than 1,200 drawings.[2]
During World War II, he worked for military intelligence, stationed in China, North Africa, and Italy. After the war's end, he returned to work for American periodicals, merging an encyclopedic knowledge of European art with the popular American art form of the cartoon, to pioneer a uniquely urbane style of illustration.[3] Although best remembered for his commercial work, Steinberg did exhibit his work throughout his career at fine art museums and galleries. He married Romanian born abstract expressionist painter Hedda Sterne in 1944. In 1946, Steinberg, along with artists such as Arshile Gorky, Isamu Noguchi, and Robert Motherwell, was exhibited in the critically acclaimed "Fourteen Americans" show at The Museum of Modern Art.[2] He has also enjoyed a retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art (1978) and another posthumous one at the Institute for Modern Art in Valencia (IVAM), Spain (2002).[2]
After Steinberg's death in 1999, the Saul Steinberg Foundation was established in accordance with the artist's will. In addition to functioning as Steinberg's official estate, the Foundation is also a non-profit organization with a mission "to facilitate the study and appreciation of Saul Steinberg's contribution to 20th-century art" and to "serve as a resource for the international curatorial-scholarly community as well as the general public."[4] The Foundation has been instrumental in organizing the Saul Steinberg: Illuminations travelling exhibition, which will display original Steinberg works at various museum and galleries around the world, including Fondation Cartier-Bresson, Paris (May 6-July 27, 2008), Kunsthaus Zürich (August 22-November 2, 2008), Dulwich Picture Gallery, London, (November 26, 2008-February 15, 2009) and Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg, (March 13-June 1, 2009).[5] The U.S. copyright representative for the Saul Steinberg Foundation is the Artists Rights Society.[6] The Saul Steinberg Foundation is represented by The Pace Gallery in New York.
See also
References
- ^ "Life and Work". The Saul Steinberg Foundation. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
- ^ a b c The Saul Steinberg Foundation website: Life and Work page
- ^ Steinberg's Signatures by Ben Davis, Artnet Magazine
- ^ The Saul Steinberg Foundation website
- ^ The Saul Steinberg Foundation website: News page
- ^ The Saul Steinberg Foundation website: Rights page
External links
- The Saul Steinberg Foundation, established by the artist's will
- The Pace Gallery
- Etchings of Steinberg, from the National Gallery of Art
- The Steinberg Collection from a website owned by The New Yorker
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department video documenting the recovery of a large Steinberg mural from USTS Texas Clipper
- Berkley, Jon (March 19, 2009). "How China sees the world". The Economist. Retrieved March 24, 2009. cover art which is a take off of "View of the World from 9th Avenue"
- Sarah Boxer, The Last Irascible, NY Review of Books
索爾·斯坦伯格（英語：Saul Steinberg，1914年6月15日－1999年5月12日）是一個出生於羅馬尼亞的美國漫畫家和插畫家，他最出名的作品為《紐約客》之《從第九大道看世界》。
生平
1914年，斯坦伯格出生在羅馬尼亞，他曾在布加勒斯特大學學習一年的哲學，之後進入了米蘭理工大學學習建築，1940年畢業。在米蘭的時候，斯坦伯格積極參加社會實踐，在一個雜誌工作。斯坦伯格離開義大利之後，義大利變成法西斯獨裁和反猶太人政府。[1]他花了一年時間在多明尼加等待美國簽證，與此同時，他給外國出版物提交了他的漫畫以獲得經濟來源。
1942年，《紐約客》雜誌贊助他進入美國，此後，斯坦伯格和《紐約客》是終身合作關係。在《紐約客》經過半個多世紀的工作，斯坦伯格創作了近90個封面和超過1200的插圖。[2]
二戰期間，他曾為美國軍隊搜集軍事情報，他駐紮在中國、北非和義大利。戰爭結束後，他回到美國《紐約客》期刊工作，把歐洲藝術與美國藝術合併為一種卡通藝術，開創了一種獨特風格的插圖。[3] 儘管人們印象最深的是他的商業作品，但是他也經常在美術博物館和畫廊展示他的作品和創作生涯。
1944年，斯坦伯格娶了羅馬尼亞抽象表現主義畫家海達赫達·斯特恩（Hedda Sterne）。
1946年，斯坦伯格、阿希爾·戈爾基、野口勇、羅伯特等的作品在現代藝術博物館被展現並且廣受好評，被譽為「十四個美國人」。[2] 他還在惠特尼美術館、西班牙瓦倫西亞現代藝術研究所展出過作品。[2]
1993年，斯坦伯格逝世，隨後成立了一個非營利基金會，服務於醫藥學???。[4]
ルーマニアのルムニク・サラト Râmnicu Sărat （ブザウ県）でユダヤ人の家庭に生まれ、ブカレスト大学で1年だけ哲学を学んだ後、イタリアのミラノ工科大学に転じて建築を専攻、1940年に卒業した。ミラノでは諷刺雑誌『ベルトルド』に積極的に関与したが、1942年、ファシスト政権下の反ユダヤ的なイタリアを逃れて渡米。
『ニューヨーカー』誌のために表紙を85回描き、漫画やイラストを642点発表した。中でも有名なのは、同誌1976年3月29日号の表紙となったイラスト「9番街からの世界観」で、ニューヨーク市民の独善性を皮肉った内容となっている。
アメリカやヨーロッパで何度も個展を開き、漫画家とアーティストの双方に属する、ほぼ初めての作家となった。
日本でも久里洋二や鈴木義司、藤子不二雄、真鍋博、古川タク、柳原良平、横山泰三、和田誠など多くの漫画家・イラストレーターに影響を与えた。
邦訳書 [編集]
- 新しい世界 みすず書房 1970年
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