彫刻庭園
彫刻庭園（ちょうこくていえん、sculpture garden）は、彫刻の展示を目的とした屋外の公園・庭園。ランドスケープがきちんと計画された庭園内に展示される彫刻は、耐久性のある素材で作られた恒久展示を目的としたものが中心である。
彫刻庭園は美術館の周囲に付属している場合もあるが、逆に屋内展示室よりも庭園のほうがメインになっており、庭園自体が美術館となっている場合もある。屋外のさわやかな風景の中を彫刻や木々を見ながら散歩できることから、観光地にある観光目的で作られた施設が多いが、自治体が公園の中に多数のパブリックアートを置き、都市公園が彫刻庭園と化しているものもある。
彫刻庭園は、ある作家一人の作品に絞った庭園から、伝統的な人物像などが中心の公園、大型の抽象作品が中心の庭園などさまざまである。また、彫刻作品を購入したあとで庭園を造ったり、購入した作品を庭園内に配置するのが伝統的なあり方だが、近年では彫刻家に現地を見てもらい、そこに合わせた作品を作ってもらう、サイト・スペシフィックな作品を中心にした庭園も多く登場している。
彫刻庭園の例[編集]
- 中札内美術村
- 札幌芸術の森美術館
- 市原市水と彫刻の丘
- 東京都井の頭自然文化園彫刻園
- 高坂彫刻プロムナード【高田博厚彫刻群】
- 彫刻の森美術館
- 美ヶ原高原美術館
- 滋賀県立陶芸の森
- あさご芸術の森野外彫刻公園
- あさご芸術の森美術館野外彫刻展示
- 姫路市立美術館
- とらまる公園
- ベネッセハウス
- イサム・ノグチ庭園美術館
- 霧島アートの森
- ハーシュホーン博物館と彫刻の庭（アメリカ・ワシントンD.C.）
- ヴィーゲラン彫刻公園（ノルウェー・オスロ）
- ミドルハイム美術館 (ベルギー・アントワープ） 野外彫刻美術館
- タロット・ガーデン（イタリア・トスカーナ州）ニキ・ド・サンファルの野外彫刻美術館
関連項目[編集]
外部リンク[編集]
- Museum Abteiberg Skulpturengarten Mönchengladbach （ドイツ語）
- Tarotgarten der Niki de Saint Phalle in der Toskana
- Sculpture Park Engelbrecht, in the Bourbonnais, France
- Skulpturenpark Köln （ドイツ語）
- Informationen zu mehr als 230 Skulpturen-Installationen in Europa （ドイツ語）
- [1] Gernot Huber-Stiftung Skulpturenparks in Seevetal und Teneriffa （ドイツ語）
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
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Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden 
Established 1974 Location Washington, D.C., on the National Mall Coordinates 38.888256°N 77.022829°WCoordinates: 38.888256°N 77.022829°W Type Art museum Visitors 1.1 million (2017)[1] Director Melissa Chiu Public transit access 
at L'Enfant PlazaWebsite hirshhorn.si.edu/
The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden is an art museum beside the National Mall, in Washington, D.C., the United States. The museum was initially endowed during the 1960s with the permanent art collection of Joseph H. Hirshhorn. It was designed by architect Gordon Bunshaft and is part of the Smithsonian Institution. It was conceived as the United States' museum of contemporary and modern art and currently focuses its collection-building and exhibition-planning mainly on the post–World War II period, with particular emphasis on art made during the last 50 years.[2]
The Hirshhorn is sited halfway between the Washington Monument and the US Capitol, anchoring the southernmost end of the so-called L'Enfant axis (perpendicular to the Mall's green carpet). The National Archives/National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden across the Mall, and the National Portrait Gallery/Smithsonian American Art building several blocks to the north, also mark this pivotal axis, a key element of both the 1791 city plan by Pierre L'Enfant and the 1901 MacMillan Plan.[3]
The building itself is an attraction, an open cylinder elevated on four massive "legs," with a large fountain occupying the central courtyard.
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
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| |
| Established | 1974 |
|---|---|
| Location | Washington, D.C., on the National Mall |
| Coordinates | 38.888256°N 77.022829°WCoordinates: 38.888256°N 77.022829°W |
| Type | Art museum |
| Visitors | 1.1 million (2017)[1] |
| Director | Melissa Chiu |
| Public transit access | at L'Enfant Plaza |
| Website | hirshhorn.si.edu/ |
The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden is an art museum beside the National Mall, in Washington, D.C., the United States. The museum was initially endowed during the 1960s with the permanent art collection of Joseph H. Hirshhorn. It was designed by architect Gordon Bunshaft and is part of the Smithsonian Institution. It was conceived as the United States' museum of contemporary and modern art and currently focuses its collection-building and exhibition-planning mainly on the post–World War II period, with particular emphasis on art made during the last 50 years.[2]
The Hirshhorn is sited halfway between the Washington Monument and the US Capitol, anchoring the southernmost end of the so-called L'Enfant axis (perpendicular to the Mall's green carpet). The National Archives/National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden across the Mall, and the National Portrait Gallery/Smithsonian American Art building several blocks to the north, also mark this pivotal axis, a key element of both the 1791 city plan by Pierre L'Enfant and the 1901 MacMillan Plan.[3]
The building itself is an attraction, an open cylinder elevated on four massive "legs," with a large fountain occupying the central courtyard.
Contents
History[edit]
Founding[edit]
In the late 1930s, the United States Congress mandated an art museum for the National Mall. At the time, the only venue for visual art was the National Gallery of Art, which focuses on Dutch, French, and Italian art. During the 1940s World War II shifted the project into the background.
Meanwhile, Joseph H. Hirshhorn, now in his forties and enjoying great success from uranium-mining investments, began creating his collection from classic French Impressionism to works by living artists, American modernism of the early 20th century, and sculpture. Then, in 1955, Hirshhorn sold his uranium interests for more than $50-million. He expanded his collection to warehouses, an apartment in New York City, and an estate in Greenwich, Connecticut, with extensive area for sculpture.
A 1962 sculpture show at New York's Guggenheim Museum awakened an international art community to the breadth of Hirshhorn's holdings. Word of his collection of modern and contemporary paintings also circulated, and institutions in Italy, Israel, Canada, California, and New York City vied for the collection. President Lyndon B. Johnson and Smithsonian Secretary S. Dillon Ripley successfully campaigned for a new museum on the National Mall.
In 1966, an Act of Congress established the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution. Most of the funding was federal, but Hirshhorn later contributed $1-million toward construction. Joseph and his fourth wife, Olga Zatorsky Hirshhorn, visited the White House. The groundbreaking was in 1969 and Abram Lerner was named the founding Director. He oversaw research, conservation, and installation of more than 6,000 items brought from the Hirshhorns' Connecticut estate and other properties to Washington, DC.[citation needed]
Joseph Hirshhorn spoke at the inauguration (1974), saying:
One million visitors saw the 850-work inaugural show in the first six months.
In the late 1930s, the United States Congress mandated an art museum for the National Mall. At the time, the only venue for visual art was the National Gallery of Art, which focuses on Dutch, French, and Italian art. During the 1940s World War II shifted the project into the background.
Meanwhile, Joseph H. Hirshhorn, now in his forties and enjoying great success from uranium-mining investments, began creating his collection from classic French Impressionism to works by living artists, American modernism of the early 20th century, and sculpture. Then, in 1955, Hirshhorn sold his uranium interests for more than $50-million. He expanded his collection to warehouses, an apartment in New York City, and an estate in Greenwich, Connecticut, with extensive area for sculpture.
A 1962 sculpture show at New York's Guggenheim Museum awakened an international art community to the breadth of Hirshhorn's holdings. Word of his collection of modern and contemporary paintings also circulated, and institutions in Italy, Israel, Canada, California, and New York City vied for the collection. President Lyndon B. Johnson and Smithsonian Secretary S. Dillon Ripley successfully campaigned for a new museum on the National Mall.
In 1966, an Act of Congress established the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution. Most of the funding was federal, but Hirshhorn later contributed $1-million toward construction. Joseph and his fourth wife, Olga Zatorsky Hirshhorn, visited the White House. The groundbreaking was in 1969 and Abram Lerner was named the founding Director. He oversaw research, conservation, and installation of more than 6,000 items brought from the Hirshhorns' Connecticut estate and other properties to Washington, DC.[citation needed]
Joseph Hirshhorn spoke at the inauguration (1974), saying:
One million visitors saw the 850-work inaugural show in the first six months.
Institutional leadership[edit]
In 1984, James T. Demetrion, fourteen-year director of the Des Moines Art Center in Iowa, succeeded Abram Lerner as the Hirshhorn's director. Art collector and retail store founder Sydney Lewis of Richmond, Virginia, succeeded Senator Daniel P. Moynihan as board chairman.[4] Demetrion held the post for more than 17 years.
Ned Rifkin became director in February 2002, returning to the Hirshhorn after directorship positions at the Menil Collection in Texas and the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia. Rifkin was previously chief curator of the Hirshhorn from 1986 until 1991. In October 2003, Rifkin was named Under Secretary for Art of the Smithsonian.
In 2005, Olga Viso was named director of the Hirshhorn. Viso joined the curatorial department of the Hirshhorn in 1995 as assistant curator, was named associate curator in 1998, and served as curator of contemporary art from 2000 to 2003. In October 2003, Viso was named deputy director of the Hirshhorn, a post she held until her 2005 promotion to director. After two years, Ms. Viso accepted the position of Director of the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, departing in December 2007.
Chief Curator and Deputy Director Kerry Brougher served as Acting Director for more than a year until an international search led to the hiring of Richard Koshalek, who was named the fifth director of the Hirshhorn in February, 2009.
Richard Koshalek (born 1942) was president of Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, Calif., from 1999 until January 2009. Before that, he served as director of The Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles for nearly 20 years. At both institutions, he was noted for his commitment to new artistic initiatives, including commissioned works, scholarly exhibitions and publications and the building of new facilities that garnered architectural acclaim. He worked with architect Frank Gehry on the design and construction of MOCA's Geffen Contemporary (1983), a renovated warehouse popularly known as the Temporary Contemporary. He also worked with the Japanese architect Arata Isozaki on the museum's permanent home in Los Angeles (1986). Koshalek resigned in 2013 after the Bloomberg Bubble controversy (see below).
On June 5, 2014, Hirshhorn trustees announced that they had hired Melissa Chiu, director of Asia Society Museum in New York City, to be the Hirshhorn's new director. Chiu, who was born in Darwin, Australia, is a scholar of contemporary Chinese art. Chiu oversaw the Hirshhorn's 40th anniversary celebration in the fall of 2014.[5] Chiu began her tenure at the Hirshhorn in September 2014.[6]
In 1984, James T. Demetrion, fourteen-year director of the Des Moines Art Center in Iowa, succeeded Abram Lerner as the Hirshhorn's director. Art collector and retail store founder Sydney Lewis of Richmond, Virginia, succeeded Senator Daniel P. Moynihan as board chairman.[4] Demetrion held the post for more than 17 years.
Ned Rifkin became director in February 2002, returning to the Hirshhorn after directorship positions at the Menil Collection in Texas and the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia. Rifkin was previously chief curator of the Hirshhorn from 1986 until 1991. In October 2003, Rifkin was named Under Secretary for Art of the Smithsonian.
In 2005, Olga Viso was named director of the Hirshhorn. Viso joined the curatorial department of the Hirshhorn in 1995 as assistant curator, was named associate curator in 1998, and served as curator of contemporary art from 2000 to 2003. In October 2003, Viso was named deputy director of the Hirshhorn, a post she held until her 2005 promotion to director. After two years, Ms. Viso accepted the position of Director of the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, departing in December 2007.
Chief Curator and Deputy Director Kerry Brougher served as Acting Director for more than a year until an international search led to the hiring of Richard Koshalek, who was named the fifth director of the Hirshhorn in February, 2009.
Richard Koshalek (born 1942) was president of Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, Calif., from 1999 until January 2009. Before that, he served as director of The Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles for nearly 20 years. At both institutions, he was noted for his commitment to new artistic initiatives, including commissioned works, scholarly exhibitions and publications and the building of new facilities that garnered architectural acclaim. He worked with architect Frank Gehry on the design and construction of MOCA's Geffen Contemporary (1983), a renovated warehouse popularly known as the Temporary Contemporary. He also worked with the Japanese architect Arata Isozaki on the museum's permanent home in Los Angeles (1986). Koshalek resigned in 2013 after the Bloomberg Bubble controversy (see below).
On June 5, 2014, Hirshhorn trustees announced that they had hired Melissa Chiu, director of Asia Society Museum in New York City, to be the Hirshhorn's new director. Chiu, who was born in Darwin, Australia, is a scholar of contemporary Chinese art. Chiu oversaw the Hirshhorn's 40th anniversary celebration in the fall of 2014.[5] Chiu began her tenure at the Hirshhorn in September 2014.[6]
Collection highlights[edit]
Notable artists in the collection include: Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Mary Cassatt, Thomas Eakins, Henry Moore, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Franz Kline, Hans Hofmann, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, John Chamberlain, Francis Bacon, Willem de Kooning, Milton Avery, Ellsworth Kelly, Louise Nevelson, Arshile Gorky, Edward Hopper, Larry Rivers, and Raphael Soyer among others. Outside the museum is a sculpture garden, featuring works by artists including Auguste Rodin, David Smith, Alexander Calder, Jean-Robert Ipoustéguy, Jeff Koons, and others.[7]
Yoko Ono's Wish Tree for Washington, DC, a permanent installation in the Sculpture Garden (since 2007), now includes contributions from all over the world.[8]
In 2018, the collection acquired its first piece of performance art, by Tino Sehgal: This You (2006), features a female singer performing outdoors. [9]
In 2019, Barbara and Aaron Levine donated their entire Marcel Duchamp collection, one of the largest in the world, to the museum. The exhibit "Marcel Duchamp: The Barbara and Aaron Levine Collection" runs from November 9, 2019, to October 12, 2020.[10]
Notable artists in the collection include: Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Mary Cassatt, Thomas Eakins, Henry Moore, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Franz Kline, Hans Hofmann, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, John Chamberlain, Francis Bacon, Willem de Kooning, Milton Avery, Ellsworth Kelly, Louise Nevelson, Arshile Gorky, Edward Hopper, Larry Rivers, and Raphael Soyer among others. Outside the museum is a sculpture garden, featuring works by artists including Auguste Rodin, David Smith, Alexander Calder, Jean-Robert Ipoustéguy, Jeff Koons, and others.[7]
Yoko Ono's Wish Tree for Washington, DC, a permanent installation in the Sculpture Garden (since 2007), now includes contributions from all over the world.[8]
In 2018, the collection acquired its first piece of performance art, by Tino Sehgal: This You (2006), features a female singer performing outdoors. [9]
In 2019, Barbara and Aaron Levine donated their entire Marcel Duchamp collection, one of the largest in the world, to the museum. The exhibit "Marcel Duchamp: The Barbara and Aaron Levine Collection" runs from November 9, 2019, to October 12, 2020.[10]
Our floral-covered grounds are open daily from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. 
go.usa.gov/xHaBq
| National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden | |
|---|---|
.JPG) | |
 | |
| Location | Between 7th and 9th Streets along Constitution Avenue NW |
| Coordinates | 38.8913°N 77.0230°W |
| Area | 6.1 acres (2.5 ha) |
| Opened | May 23, 1999 |
| Owned by | National Gallery of Art |
| Landscape Architect | Laurie Olin |
| Website | Official website  |
The National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden is the most recent addition to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. in the United States. It is located on the National Mall between the National Gallery's West Building and the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History.
Completed and opened to the public on May 23, 1999, the location provides an outdoor setting for exhibiting several pieces from the museum's contemporary sculpture collection.[1] The collection is centered on a fountain which, from December to March, is converted to an ice-skating rink.[1] (Such a rink predated the construction of the garden.[1]) The outdoor Pavilion Café lies adjacent to the garden.[1]
Laurie Olin and his firm, OLIN, were the landscape architects who redesigned the garden.[2]
Works[edit]
- Claes Oldenburg; Coosje van Bruggen, Typewriter Eraser, Scale X, 1999
- Joan Miró, Personnage Gothique, Oiseau-Eclair, 1974/1977
- Louise Bourgeois, Spider, 1996/1997
- Tony Smith, Wandering Rocks, 1967
- Magdalena Abakanowicz, Puellae, 1992
- Mark di Suvero, Aurora, 1992–93
- Scott Burton, Six-Part Seating, 1985/1998
- Joel Shapiro, Untitled, 1989
- Ellsworth Kelly, Stele II, 1973
- Barry Flanagan, Thinker on a Rock, 1997
- Sol LeWitt, Four-Sided Pyramid, 1965
- Lucas Samaras, Chair Transformation Number 20B, 1996
- Tony Smith, Moondog, 1964
- David Smith, Cubi XI, 1963
- David Smith, Cubi XXVI, 1965
- Alexander Calder, Cheval Rouge, 1974
- Roy Lichtenstein, House I, 1996/1998
- George Rickey, Cluster of Four Cubes, 1992
- Hector Guimard, An Entrance to the Paris Métropolitain, 1902/1913
- Roxy Paine, Graft, 2008–2009
- Robert Indiana, AMOR, 1998/2006 [3]
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