gratia （ L. ）：聖寵。同 grace 。
grace ：聖寵；恩寵；恩典：上主賜與世人的恩惠，尤其經由聖事和祈禱而賜與，使人不僅死後可享永生，即使在今生，也能更自由地，以信心、以希望、以愛情歡度現世的生活（參閱法典 840 ； 844 ； 961 ）。
grace, actual ：寵佑；助力聖寵；現時恩寵；助人為善的聖寵：指人在皈依的開始，或在聖化的過程中，來自天主的助佑，是天主所賜的超性神恩，開導人的理智好能分辨是非、善惡，感動人的意志以便行善避惡。
grace, efficacious ：實效聖寵；有效聖寵：在靈魂上能發揮功效的聖寵。
grace, habitual ：寵愛；常存聖寵：是恒常的向善傾向，使人依照天主的召喚而生活和行動；是天主賜給沒有大罪的善人之超性生命，得以分享天主的生命，成為天主的義子義女，蒙天主鍾愛。又稱聖化聖寵 grace, sanctifying 。
Grace, His ：閣下：英國基督徒對總主教的尊稱；第三人稱。美國用 His Excellency 。
grace, illuminating ：神光：寵佑之一種，使人頭腦清醒，易於行善。
grace, sacramental ：聖事聖寵：領受聖事時，聖事本身所賜予之恩（聖）寵。
grace, sanctifying ：寵愛；聖化聖寵。詳見 grace, habitual 。
Grace, Your ：閣下：英國基督徒對總主教的尊稱；第二人稱。美國用 Your Excellency 。
grace after meals ：飯後經：基督徒用飯後的感恩祈禱文。
grace at meals ：飯經；膳時致謝；謝飯禱告：基督徒飯前、飯後習慣誦念的禱詞。
grace before meals ：飯前經；謝飯禱告：基督徒用飯前的感恩祈禱文。
Justification by
grace comprises four elements: "the
infusion of grace, the influencing of free will toward God through faith, the influencing of free will respecting sin, and the remission of sins". It is a "transmutation of the human soul", and takes place "instantaneously". A creative act of God enters, which, however, executes itself as a spiritual motive in a psychological form corresponding to the nature of man. Semipelagian tendencies are far removed from Aquinas. In that man is created anew he believes and loves, and now sin is forgiven. Then begins good conduct; grace is the "beginning of meritorious works". Aquinas conceives of merit in the Augustinian sense: God gives the reward for that toward which he himself gives the power. Man can never of himself deserve the
prima gratis, nor
meritum de congruo (by natural ability; cf. R. Seeberg,
Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte, ii. 105-106, Leipsic, 1898).
"Mac Carthy demonstrates how grace was one of the forces that forged the Italian Renaissance, helping us to appreciate the significance of grace in all its complexity and see its manifestations in some of the key writers and artists of the time. This is an ambitious and original book."—Martin McLaughlin, University of Oxford
The Grace of the Italian Renaissance by Ita Mac Carthy is now available in hardcover and ebook formats. Order your copy here:
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