『プルチネルラ』（プルチネラ、プルチネッラ、伊: Pulcinella ）
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| Pulcinella | |
|---|---|
 Pulcinella (Maurice Sand) | |
| Choreographer | Léonide Massine |
| Music | Igor Stravinsky |
| Based on | An 18th-century play |
| Premiere | 15 May 1920 Paris |
| Original ballet company | Ballets Russes |
| Characters | Pulcinella Pimpinella Furbo Prudenza Rosetta Florindo Cloviello |
| Genre | Neoclassical ballet |
| Type | Classical ballet |
Pulcinella is a one-act ballet by Igor Stravinsky based on an 18th-century play, Quatre Polichinelles semblables ("Four identical Pulcinellas"). Pulcinella is a stock character originating from commedia dell'arte.
The ballet premiered at the Paris Opera on 15 May 1920 under the baton of Ernest Ansermet. The dancer Léonide Massine created both the libretto and choreography, and Pablo Picasso designed the original costumes and sets. The ballet was commissioned by Sergei Diaghilev, impresario of the Ballets Russes.
A performance of the work typically lasts 35 minutes. The ballet score was revised by Stravinsky in 1965.
History[edit]
Diaghilev wanted a ballet based on an early eighteenth-century commedia dell'arte libretto and music then believed to have been composed by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi. This attribution has since been proved to be spurious.[1] Some of the music may have been written by Domenico Gallo, Unico Wilhelm van Wassenaer, Carlo Ignazio Monza and Alessandro Parisotti.
Conductor Ernest Ansermet wrote to Stravinsky in 1919 about the project, but the composer initially did not like the idea of music by Pergolesi. However, once he studied the scores, which Diaghilev had found in libraries in Naples and London, he changed his mind. Stravinsky adapted the older music to a more modern style by borrowing specific themes and textures, but interjecting his modern rhythms, cadences, and harmonies.
Pulcinella marked the beginning of Stravinsky's second phase as a composer, his neoclassical period. Stravinsky wrote that
The ballet was revived and revised by New York City Ballet's balletmasters George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins, for their 1972 Stravinsky Festival. They both danced in the performance, Robbins in the title role, They were joined in the premier by Francisco Moncion, who danced the role of The Devil.[3]
Story[edit]
Pulcinella is taken from a manuscript from Naples, dating from 1700, containing a number of comedies portraying the traditional character of the popular Neapolitan stage. This libretto was derived from Quatre Polichinelles semblables ("Four identical Pulcinellas").
The one-act ballet features Pulcinella, his girlfriend Pimpinella, his friends Furbo, Prudenza and Rosetta, and Florindo and Cloviello. The story starts with Florindo and Cloviello serenading Prudenza and Rosetta. The two women are unimpressed and reply by showering the suitors with water. Prudenza's father, a doctor, appears and chases them away.
A new episode begins with Rosetta, when her father appears. Rosetta dances for Pulcinella and they kiss. But Pimpinella sees this and interrupts them. Florindo and Cloviello arrive and, jealous of Pulcinella, they beat him up. Pulcinella is stabbed, but this is a set-up event to gain Pimpinella's forgiveness of him. Furbo, disguised as a magician, comes and appears to resurrect Pulcinella in front of everybody. Pimpinella forgives Pulcinella, and Prudenza and Rosetta succumb to Florindo's and Cloviello's wooing. The ballet ends with the marriages of the three couples.
Music[edit]
The music is based on pieces then believed to have been composed by Italian composer Pergolesi. See the History section for more about the musical sources. The following is a description of the musical forces and movements.
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