Musée Rodin
[ARTWORK OF THE WEEK ] Currently, it is the #Hokusai exhibition at the Grand Palais - RMN (Officiel) !
#Rodin had in his collection a woodcut by Hokusai, entitled The Tama River in the Musashi Province.
See more at:
[EN] http://www.musee-rodin.fr/en/collections/prints/river-tama-province-musashi
[ES] http://www.musee-rodin.fr/es/colecciones/estampas/el-rio-tama-en-la-provincia-de-musashi
[ZH] http://www.musee-rodin.fr/zh-hans/cang-pin/ban-hua/wu-cang-guo-duo-mo-chuan
The Hokusai Sketch-Books: Selections from the Manga
80 年代初 在美國史丹佛大學書局買的。Michener, James A. (1958). The Hokusai Sketch-Books: Selections from the 'Manga'. Charles E. Tuttle, Rutland.
80 年代中，在日本看到十來卷的原作之書籍， 未買。現在想起來，有點後悔。
2017年9月。翻讀【北齋展】，將他繪畫人生劃分為6期，最後為：
http://kousin242.sakura.ne.jp/mac/aaa/8-2/%E8%91%9B%E9%A3%BE-%E5%8C%97%E6%96%8E/170-2/
辭世之句為「人魂で 行く氣散じや 夏野原」。法名為南牕院奇譽北齋居士。
- 天保5年（1834年），號畫狂老人（がきょうろうじん）、卍（まんじ）。創作《富嶽百景》。
http://scienceblogs.com/neurophilosophy/2010/03/implied_motion_in_hokusai_manga.php
Implied motion in Hokusai Manga
Category: Art • Neuroscience • Vintage Illustrations • Vision • fMRI
Posted on: March 23, 2010 12:45 PM, by Mo
Click to enlarge images
ARTISTS employ a number of different techniques to represent implied motion in two-dimensional works. One of these, commonly used in posters, comics and animation, is the affine shear effect, whereby a moving object is depicted as leaning into the direction of movement. Cartoonists also use action lines to depict movement and speed, with straight lines conveying fast movements and wavy lines conveying slower ones. Motion can also be conveyed by superimposing several images showing the successive positions of a movement, or by a blurred image showing the different positions simultaneously.
The Japanese artist and printmaker Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) used a different and innovative technique to convey motion. The simple line drawings in his Manga strips lack all of the commonly-used motion effects, yet give a strong impression of movement by depicting the human body in highly unstable postures. As a new study just published in the journal NeuroReport shows, the figures in the sketches are perceived to be moving because their gravity-defying postures activate regions of the visual cortex that are sensitive to motion.
The Hokusai Manga is a collection of over 3,000 small, woodblock-printed sketches that was published in 15 volumes between 1815 and 1878. The drawings depict various aspects of everyday Japanese life as well as animals, objects and mythological characters. Hokusai was inspired by, among other things, European scientific illustrations, and his sketches are based on keen observation. His ability to gracefully depict the human body in motion is exemplified in the sketch Suzume Odori-zu ('Dancing Sparrows', top) from volume 3 of the Manga, and in many of the sketches contained in volume 6, which is devoted to the martial arts (above). 
It is well established that static images with implied motion activate a subregion of the extrastriate cortex referred to as area V5 or area MT. This is a part of the visual cortex located in the inferior temporal gyrus, which contains neurons that are sensitive to motion. (V5 has even been shown to be activated by verbs such as "walking", or mimic words that imply the same action.) Research into this phenomenon often uses paintings and photographs as visual stimuli. Abstracted drawings such as those contained in the Hokusai Manga have been used seldomly, however, so Naoyuki Osaka of Kyoto University and his colleagues set out to establish whether or not they have the same effect.
The researchers recruited 14 university students and showed them Hokusai Manga illustrations while scanning their brains by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Three different types of illlustrations were used: one set depicted people in positions that strongly imply motion, another showed people without implied motion (such as the sketches of the priests above), and a third showed inanimate objects. Sixty of each type were presented in a randomised order, for 2 seconds each and separated by an interval of half a second. The participants were required to indicate which of the illustrations gave the impression of motion, and how strong or weak that impression was, by pressing a button. 
As would be expected, all of the sketches activated the primary visual cortex, which contains neurons that are responsive to specific properties of visual stimuli, such as contrast and the orientation of edges. The sketches with implied motion, but not those without, strongly activated the motion-sensitive visual cortical areas on both side of the brain, and also elicited weak activity in the cerebellum. Classically, the cerebellum is said to be involved in balance and coordination of movement, but it is also known to play a role in the perception of motion, and several studies have shown that patients with cerebellar lesions have motion perception deficits.
The authors suggest that the unstable postures in the Hokusai Manga figures act as visual cues that induce the effect of implied motion. Their research could be extended to investigate whether the sketches of animals also activate motion-sensitive brain regions. Hokusai was also fond of depicting water in motion, as is evident from his best-known work, The Great Wave Off Kanagawa. We know that the brain is particularly sensitive to biological motion, so it would also be interesting to investigate if this print, an
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